![]() ![]() Peltzer, Alexander Welte, Beatrix van Pelt, W. This analysis establishes ancient Egyptian mummies as a genetic source to study ancient human history and offers the perspective of deciphering Egypt's past at a genome-wide level.Īncient Egyptian mummy genomes suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods Our analyses reveal that ancient Egyptians shared more ancestry with Near Easterners than present-day Egyptians, who received additional sub-Saharan admixture in more recent times. The samples recovered from Middle Egypt span around 1,300 years of ancient Egyptian history from the New Kingdom to the Roman Period. Here we present 90 mitochondrial genomes as well as genome-wide data sets from three individuals obtained from Egyptian mummies. Particularly, in the first millennium BCE Egypt endured foreign domination leading to growing numbers of foreigners living within its borders possibly contributing genetically to the local population. Schuenemann, Verena J Peltzer, Alexander Welte, Beatrix van Pelt, W Paul Molak, Martyna Wang, Chuan-Chao Furtwängler, Anja Urban, Christian Reiter, Ella Nieselt, Kay Teßmann, Barbara Francken, Michael Harvati, Katerina Haak, Wolfgang Schiffels, Stephan Krause, JohannesĮgypt, located on the isthmus of Africa, is an ideal region to study historical population dynamics due to its geographic location and documented interactions with ancient civilizations in Africa, Asia and Europe. The x-ray CT images…Īncient Egyptian mummy genomes suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods. About 600 x-ray CT images were obtained through the mummified body of a female named Tjetmutjengebtiu (or Jeni for short), who was a singer in the great temple of Karnak in Egypt during the 22nd dynasty (c 945-715 BC). ![]() This article describes a project of unwrapping an ancient Egyptian mummy using x-ray computed tomography (CT). Unwrapping an Ancient Egyptian Mummy Using X-RaysĮRIC Educational Resources Information Center The meta-analysis confirms the suggested identity of some mummies (e.g., Amenhotep III, Thutmosis IV, and Queen Tjye). While the ancestors of Tutankhamun have been identified, some identities are still highly controversial (e.g., the mystery of the KV-55 skeleton, recently most likely identified as the genetic father of Tutankhamun). Various methods and pitfalls in the identification of the Pharaohs are reassessed since new scientific methods can be used, such as ancient DNA-profiling and CT-scanning. This study presents a meta-analysis to demonstrate the difficulties in identifying ancient Egyptian royal mummies. The discoveries of the bodies of these ancient rulers have always sparked much attention, yet not all identifications are clear even nowadays. Many royal mummies from the New Kingdom have survived. Identifications of ancient Egyptian royal mummies from the 18th Dynasty reconsidered.įor centuries, ancient Egyptian Royal mummies have drawn the attention both of the general public and scientists. The 20 mummies with definite or probable atherosclerosis were older at time of death (mean age 45.1 ± 9.2 years) than the mummies with CV tissue but no atherosclerosis (mean age 34.5 ± 11.8 years, p 2,000 years Calcifications were found in the aorta as well as the coronary, carotid, iliac, femoral, and peripheral leg arteries. ![]() Forty-four of 52 mummies had identifiable cardiovascular (CV) structures, and 20 of these had either definite atherosclerosis (defined as calcification within the wall of an identifiable artery, n = 12) or probable atherosclerosis (defined as calcifications along the expected course of an artery, n = 8). We estimated age at the time of death from the computed tomography skeletal evaluation. We interpreted images by consensus reading of 7 imaging physicians, and collected demographic data from historical and museum records. We performed whole body, multislice computed tomography scanning on 52 ancient Egyptian mummies from the Middle Kingdom to the Greco-Roman period to identify cardiovascular structures and arterial calcifications. It is tempting to conclude that atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is exclusively a disease of modern society and did not affect our ancient ancestors. The worldwide burden of atherosclerotic disease continues to rise and parallels the spread of diet, lifestyles, and environmental risk factors associated with the developed world. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ancient Egyptians had atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis in ancient Egyptian mummies: the Horus study.Īllam, Adel H Thompson, Randall C Wann, L Samuel Miyamoto, Michael I Nur El-Din, Abd El-Halim El-Maksoud, Gomaa Abd Al-Tohamy Soliman, Muhammad Badr, Ibrahem El-Rahman Amer, Hany Abd Sutherland, M Linda Sutherland, James D Thomas, Gregory S ![]()
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